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Written by: Paul Petro - Sep 9, 2010 Bonded T1 - T-1's - DS1's versus DS-3 T1 Bonding– The Basics of bonding T1s together. Bonded T1's are two or more T1's that have concatenated lines o have been bonded together to increase bandwidth. A full T1 provides approximately 1.54Mbps. 40 Years ago a T1 line was invented for voice with 24 64kbps channels. Today for data these channels are grouped together into a single pipe or 24 x 64kbps or 1.54Mbps data. The same thing now happens with T1s. they can be bonded together to make one large pipe. Two T1s bonded together makes 3Mbps or total of 48 channels. Two bonded T1's allow you to use the full bandwidth of 3Mbps where two individual T1's can only use a maximum of 1.54Mbps at one time. Also you can add additional T1s to make 4.5M or 6M circuits. Today carriers can bond up to 12M x 12M. The best bonding scheme is MLPPP versus traditional Cisco CEF methods. Some instances with CEF you get the full bonding in the download direction but max out to one full T1 1.5M in the upload. The MLPPP always gets you the full N X T1 bandwidth (3M x 3M, 9M x 9M, etc) To be fully bonded and use the full 3Mbps pipe, the T1's must terminate into the same router, AND, are assigned the same IP address scheme. A carrier must also bond at the edge router to their Internet backbone to have true bonding. MLPPP Short for MultiLink PPP, an extension of the PPP that allows lines to be concatenated in combination as a single internet line, increasing throughput in increments of 1.5M x 1.5M steps. MLPPP is the preferred industry standard bonding protocol today, though many carriers still use CEF. Redundancy Considerations of Bonded T1s – Is bonded T1s the correct approach for your business? As discussed above, you can serve multi T1 connections into a fat pipe. • Advantages of Bonding Simple you get added real bandwidth in increments of 1.5M. If you use a rock solid Tier 1 carrier your experience will be good. - If a single carrier goes down, an alternative provider is using a different backbone and not completely dead in the water. Depending upon configuration, you may experience a 50% bandwidth reduction temporally until restored. Disadvantages – If you use a bonded T1 to get additional bandwidth but no one user needs more than 1.5M x 1.5M then sometimes it is best to segment the network and use two T1s from different carriers. Therefore if one T1 line carrier goes down the other carrier will probably remain active. Scalability vs Fractional DS3s When your needs expand, additional T1's can be added. Cost effective growth. Today you can get 9M, 10.5M and 12M bonded T1s. Often these are much more cost effective than Fractional DS3s in the 9M-15M range. A full DS3 carriers 45Mbps x 45Mbps but costs a lot relatively o a T1 combination. A fractional 12M DS3 for example may have 75-80% of its full DS3 cost structure built in. Therefore a 12M bonded T1 would maybe save upwards of $1k/mo on rates which is significant. Also the overhead on T1s is lower than DS3. Typically you can think of the overhead of T1 Ethernet o be 5-8% whereas with DS3 its overheads are closer to 15-20%. Therefore a 12M Ds3 will net 10.2-9.6M while a bonded 12M T1 yields 11-11.4Mbps. Something to consider a the low fractional DS3 range. Chances are you could wait until your bandwidth needs are 15M or greater to consider using a DS3.
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